Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Calculate Energy Required to Turn Ice Into Steam

Calculate Energy Required to Turn Ice Into Steam This worked example problem demonstrates how to calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of a sample that includes changes in phase. This problem finds the energy required to turn cold ice into hot steam. Ice to Steam Energy Problem What is the heat in Joules required to convert 25 grams of -10  °C ice into 150  °C steam?Useful information:heat of fusion of water 334 J/gheat of vaporization of water 2257 J/gspecific heat of ice 2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °Cspecific heat of water 4.18 J/g ·Ã‚ °Cspecific heat of steam 2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °CSolution:The total energy required is the sum of the energy to heat the -10  °C ice to 0  °C ice, melting the 0  °C ice into 0  °C water, heating the water to 100  °C, converting 100  °C water to 100  °C steam and heating the steam to 150  °C. To get the final value, first calculate the individual energy values and then add them up.Step 1: Heat required to raise the temperature of ice from -10  °C to 0  °C Use the formulaq mcΔTwhereq heat energym massc specific heatΔT change in temperatureq (25 g)x(2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)[(0  °C - -10  °C)]q (25 g)x(2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)x(10  °C)q 522.5 JHeat required to raise the temperature of ice from -10  °C to 0  °C 522.5 JStep 2: Heat required to convert 0  °C ice to 0  °C waterUse the formula for heat:q m ·ÃŽâ€Hfwhereq heat energym massΔHf heat of fusionq (25 g)x(334 J/g)q 8350 JHeat required to convert 0  °C ice to 0  °C water 8350 JStep 3: Heat required to raise the temperature of 0  °C water to 100  °C waterq mcΔTq (25 g)x(4.18 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)[(100  °C - 0  °C)]q (25 g)x(4.18 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)x(100  °C)q 10450 JHeat required to raise the temperature of 0  °C water to 100  °C water 10450 JStep 4: Heat required to convert 100  °C water to 100  °C steamq m ·ÃŽâ€Hvwhereq heat energym massΔHv heat of vaporizationq (25 g)x(2257 J/g)q 56425 JHeat required to convert 100  °C water to 100  °C steam 56425Step 5: Heat required to convert 100  °C steam to 150  °C steamq mcΔTq (25 g)x(2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)[(150  °C - 100  °C)]q (25 g)x(2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)x(50  °C)q 2612.5 JHeat required to convert 100  °C steam to 150  °C steam 2612.5Step 6: Find total heat energyHeatTotal HeatStep 1 HeatStep 2 HeatStep 3 HeatStep 4 HeatStep 5HeatTotal 522.5 J 8350 J 10450 J 56425 J 2612.5 JHeatTotal 78360 JAnswer:The heat required to convert 25 grams of -10  °C ice into 150  °C steam is 78360 J or 78.36 kJ.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Methane as a Greenhouse Gas

Methane as a Greenhouse Gas Methane is a major constituent of natural gas, but its chemical and physical characteristics also make it a powerful greenhouse gas and worrisome contributor to global climate change. What Is Methane? A methane molecule, CH4, is made of a central carbon atom surrounded by four hydrogens. Methane is a colorless gas usually formed in one of two ways: Biogenic methane is produced by microorganisms breaking down certain types of sugars in conditions where oxygen is absent. This biologically-produced methane can be released to the atmosphere immediately upon being produced, or it can be accumulated in wet sediment only to be released later.Thermogenic methane was formed when organic matter was buried deeply under geological layers and over millions of years, and then broken down by pressure and high temperatures. This type of methane is the primary constituent of natural gas, making up 70 to 90% of it. Propane is a common by-product found in natural gas. Biogenic and thermogenic methane may have different origins but they have the same properties, making them both effective greenhouse gases. Methane as a Greenhouse Gas Methane, along with carbon dioxide and other molecules, contributes significantly to the greenhouse effect. Reflected energy from the sun  in the form of longer wavelength infrared radiation excites methane molecules instead of traveling out into space. This warms up the atmosphere, enough that methane contributes to about 20% of the warming due to greenhouse gases, second in importance behind carbon dioxide. Because of the chemical bonds within its molecule  methane is much more efficient at absorbing heat than carbon dioxide (as much as 86 times more), making it a very potent greenhouse gas. Fortunately, methane can only last about 10 to 12 years in the atmosphere before it gets oxidized and turns into water and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide lasts for centuries. An Upward Trend According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the amount of methane in the atmosphere has multiplied since the industrial revolution, growing from an estimated 722 parts per billion (ppb) in 1750 to 1834 ppb in 2015. Emissions from many developed parts of the world have now appeared to have leveled off, however. Fossil Fuels Once Again to Blame In the United States,  methane emissions come primarily from the fossil fuel industry. Methane is not released when we burn fossil fuels, like carbon dioxide does, but rather during the extraction, processing, and distribution of fossil fuels. Methane leaks out of natural gas wellheads, at processing plants, out of faulty pipeline valves, and even in the distribution network bringing natural gas to homes and businesses. Once there, methane continues to leak out of gas meters and gas-powered appliances like heaters and stoves. Some accidents occur during the handling of natural gas  resulting in the release of large amounts of gas. In 2015 very high volumes of methane were released from a storage facility in California. The Porter Ranch leak lasted for months, emitting almost 100,000 tons of methane into the atmosphere. Agriculture: Worse Than Fossil Fuels? The second largest source of methane emissions in the United States is agriculture. When evaluated globally, agricultural activities actually rank first. Remember those microorganisms that produce biogenic methane in conditions where oxygen is lacking? Herbivorous livestock guts are full of them. Cows, sheep, goats, even camels have methanogenic bacteria in their stomach to help digest plant material, which means they collectively pass very large quantities of methane gas. And it is not a minor issue, as a full 22% of methane emissions in the United States are estimated to come from livestock. Another agricultural source of methane is the production of rice. Rice paddies contain methane-producing microorganisms as well, and the soggy fields release about 1.5% of global methane emissions. As the human population grows and with it the need to grow food, and as temperatures rise with climate change, it is expected that methane emissions from rice fields will continue to increase. Adjusting rice-growing practices can help alleviate the problem: temporarily drawing down water mid-season, for example, makes a big difference but for many farmers, the local  irrigation network cannot accommodate the change. From Waste to Greenhouse Gas–to Energy? Organic matter decomposing deep inside a landfill produces methane, which is normally vented out and released into the atmosphere. It’s an important enough problem that landfills are the third largest source of methane emissions in the United States, according to the EPA. Fortunately, an increasing number of facilities capture  the gas and route it to a plant that uses a boiler to produce electricity with that waste gas. Methane Coming From the Cold As Arctic regions warm up quickly  methane is released even in the absence of direct human activity. The Arctic tundra, along with its numerous wetlands and lakes, contains large amounts of peat-like dead vegetation locked in ice and permafrost. As those layers of peat thaw, microorganism activity picks up and methane is released. In a troublesome feedback loop the more methane there is in the atmosphere, the warmer it gets, and more methane is released from the thawing permafrost. To add to the uncertainty, another worrying phenomenon has the potential to further disrupt our climates very rapidly. Under Arctic soils and deep in oceans large concentrations of methane exist entrapped in an ice-like mesh made of water. The resulting structure is called a clathrate, or methane hydrate. Large deposits of clathrate can be destabilized by changing currents, underwater landslides, earthquakes, and warming temperatures. The sudden collapse of large methane clathrate deposits, for whatever reason, would release lots of methane into the atmosphere and cause rapid warming. Reducing Our Methane Emissions As a consumer, the most effective way to lower methane emissions is by reducing our fossil fuel energy needs. Additional efforts include choosing a diet low in red meat to reduce the demand for methane-producing cattle and composting to reduce the amount of organic waste sent to landfills where it would produce methane.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 16

Psychology - Essay Example Learning can broadly be defined as ‘relatively permanent change in behaviour’ (Burns, R., 2002) through observable activities and internal processes of perception. The comparative perspective of psychology of learning primarily relies on the observation of behavioural activities of others that prompt others to improve and improvise one’s actions to optimize the performance outcome. When the observations provoke some mental processing to come to some inference, the approach is defined as cognitive approach. Thus, the varying reactions of the observations and behavioural pattern due to external objects give rise to theories to explain learning processes. The two major psychological approaches of learning are behaviourism and cognitive approach which would be compared to understand the wider implications of the approaches that are used at various levels of interaction. Theory of Behaviourism asserts that the one sees and experiences the world in its physical entirety and one responds as per the law of the nature which is constant for everyone. The principles of natural laws are based on cause and effect. Grippin and Peters claimed that this approach focuses on three vital ingredients of behaviour: observation of behaviour; environmental paradigms that influence the behaviour; and the principles of continuity and reinforcement that facilitate learning process (Grippin & Peters, 1984). Cognitive approach is basically an amalgamation of philosophical thoughts and scientific theories that try to rationalize the working of conscious and unconscious thoughts of a man and co-relate them with his subsequent actions and reactions. The theory of cognition, thereby, tries to explain why and how the events take place and subsequent pattern of behaviour of man under certain condition involving emotional and metaphysical reaction. The role of brain and conscious and unconscious activities of the mind are seen to be the responsible for the

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Informative speech of animals'(dogs) cushing syndrome Essay

Informative speech of animals'(dogs) cushing syndrome - Essay Example hich causes high levels of cortisone to appear  in the blood.   It is also called hypercortisolism, when referring to the human condition, and, as mentioned earlier, hyperadrenocorticism, when referring to the canine condition (CCS), and  these two terms can be used interchangeably.   The condition was named after an American surgeon and endocrinologist named Harvey Cushing (1869-1939) who first discovered the disease in 1932. Now, what is Cortisone? Cortisone, a steroid which is naturally-produced by the adrenal glands, is one of the essential hormones needed by the body. It functions primarily in carbohydrate metabolism. Now being manufactured artificially, Cortisone has been found useful as a drug to cure a number of ailments (Wikipedia,1). Although cortisone may have positive effects on the body like curing certain illnesses, having more than the recommended amount of cortisone can also be harmful. Cortisone is said to stop inflammation and therefore it also stops the healing process, that is, if normal amounts are exceeded. It is said that over-production of cortisone, may cause systemic illness – in this particular case, for canines. Some symptoms of CCS in dogs are: excessive drinking and urination, increased appetite, having a â€Å"pot belly† or abdominal distention, and loss of hair on the trunk. So when you see your pet panting and asking for more water, or always getting hungry and begging for food, do not disregard these tell-tale signs. Most dogs with CCS cannot be satisfied with the amount of fluids or food they take. They always get hungry and thirsty, and because their body cannot absorb what they take in, they usually urinate and defecate a lot. In the advanced stage, the dog usually gains weight, has a distended stomach, shows muscle weakness, and is lethargic. It is therefore imperative that a pet owner should know if his / her pet is not acting normally so that the disease may be treated at its early stage. Now that we have seen

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Cover Letter Basics Essay Example for Free

Cover Letter Basics Essay A cover letter is an invitation for a hiring manager to read your resume. Hiring managers usually have an order to which they read your submitted documents. That order would be cover letter, then resume, and then any supporting documents. You want your cover letter to grab their attention and draw them in. After reading your cover letter they should want to learn more about what it is you have to offer their company. This can be your make or break introduction. First thing first, you need to be prepared. The majority of business’s that you will be applying for positions at, will have a website. Research the company. If not only researching for your cover letter, research the company for yourself as well. A company’s website can give a lot of information on how the company runs, events they hold, how involved they are in the community, etc. Take note of bits of information that you may be able to use for conversation purpose at the interview you are going to get, as well. Check out their company history page. This gives you an idea of how long the company has been in business. Is it a family owned business? Is it a couple of friends that started this business? How many locations do they have? Finding out as much as you can, about how the company got started, can only make you feel more confident and knowledgeable when writing your amazing cover letter. Your interest in the company and not just the paycheck they will be giving you can differentiate you from all the other applicants. Make sure to know the job you are applying for like the back of your hand. Print out the job description. Make a T chart on a sheet of paper. In the left column, make a list of your job skills, abilities, and achievements. In the right column, list the job requirements, duties, and responsibilities. Draw lines connecting the columns where your skills or abilities match up with their requirements (Gardner, 2012). This T-Chart will help you out when writing the body of your cover letter. In today’s competitive job market, companies’ often pre-screen applicants by running applications through a computer program made to weed out unqualified applicants. To make sure your resume is viewed, include critical key words in your cover letter and resume. Since you already have your job description printed out, highlight key words that you could use in your cover letter or resume. For instance, if the job description specifically asks that you be proficient in Microsoft Excel, you want to be sure to include the keywords, Microsoft Excel, instead of just using the word spreadsheets. If the company is specifying they need an employee who is proficient in Microsoft Excel, it is highly possible that those two words will be included in the computer program’s search on cover letters and resumes. Ask yourself what you have done that is similar to what the job requires like classes, work experiences, internships, and volunteering (The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York, 2012). The layout of your cover letter should have one inch margins all around. The length of a cover letter is important. You want to be precise and to the point but include enough information to make the hiring manager curious about what your resume consists of. Ideally a cover letter should be around two-thirds of a page and contain two to three paragraphs (Newberger, 2009). Start your cover letter by including your contact information at the top of the page. Keep your font and font size consistent with your resume. Make sure your contact information entails your name, address, city, state, zip code, phone number, and email address. It is very important to have an appropriate email address, such as [emailprotected] Do not use an email address that would give the hiring manager reason to think anything other than professional thoughts about you. An email address such as [emailprotected] may cause the viewer of your cover letter to throw your resume out due to the thought of you getting injured in a race and not being able to be helpful to their company. It may be wise to create a whole new email address just for your job search. There is a lot of spam these days and you do not want to take the chance of missing an email from a potential employer due to having 101 new emails coming through a day. Your phone number should be the contact number where you are most available. Whether this would be a cell phone or a home phone, be sure that your greeting message is business appropriate and if you have a ringtone on your phone for people calling you, it would be wise to change to a normal ring during your job search. Again, you do not want any small detail to cause the hiring manager to think anything other than professional thoughts of you. After your contact information is complete, double space to type your potential new employer’s contact information. The employer’s contact information section should include the hiring manager’s name, if at all possible. It should also include their title, company name, address, city, state, and zip code. The reason you want address your cover letter to a specific person is because generalizing a cover letter shows a lazy approach to your job search and can be a turnoff to a prospective employer. This tells an employer that you either don’t care or did not take the time to find out a name, and may have the same attitude when it comes to your work (CVTips, 2012). If the job posting does not specify a name for you to address your cover letter and resume to, there are other ways of finding out. A lot of times company’s website will include a list of their staff, which you would be able to look up the head of the department in which you are applying for the job. If there is not contact information on the website, you can call the company and ask specifically for the name of who is doing the hiring for that certain department. If all the research leaves you without a name, then use Dear Hiring Manager of (include the specific department your potential position is in). This would go for the salutation, as well. The first paragraph will be called your introduction. These few sentences should convey why you are writing the letter. Briefly introduce yourself, state what position you are interested in, and how you heard about the opening. The attention grabber is next, the body.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Galileo Galilei Essay -- The Tower of Pisa, On Motion

Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei was born in the City of Pisa on February 15, 1564. Sir Galileo is the oldest out of his seven siblings (Hightower 10-11). The father of his, is a musician and a wool trader ("Galileo Galilei" par 1-3). As a boy he enjoyed music and painting. He was very intelligent for this age and he constructed mechanical toys for his own merriment (Hightower 10-11). His studies started at a Jesuit Monastery about at age eleven. By the time of age seven-teen he told his father that he wanted to be a monk. Due to his father's wishes he went to medical school, taken out because he didn't want Galileo as a monk ("Galileo Galilei" par 1-3). While in medical school he did poorly and thought his classes were boring. Later he dropped out and studied science and math with many people (Lauber par 3-4). Then he studied much more objects in his lifetime and loved to learn (Hightower 10-14). Soon he achieved this college education but didn’t get a degree (â€Å"Galileo Galilei† p ar 1-3). In the time when he was studying medicine, he made a very important science discovery that started his career. One day at church service on Sunday he looked up at a lamp and the lamp was swinging on a long cord back and forth. Its swing was very regular and he used his own pulse to measure the sing. He noticed even as the swing grew shorter the amount of time for a single was the same. Later he went home and conducted many experiments with different lengths and weights. Then he concluded that the string length affected the swing. Soon he created the pendulum and used the same principle to make a pulsilogia which is a device that measures your pulse (Hightower 17-20). Galileo's success didn't stop there. Just as like many other people Gal... ...o studied magnetism and perfected the compound microscope (Lauber 9-14). Galileo Galilei didn't stop with astronomy after the Pope made him stop and later he was put under house arrest for this. While under house arrest he died and was forgiven much later about this astronomy work by another Pope in the future which was emend. As a lifetime being a scientist he linked physics and astronomy with math, made a book of freedom of the scientific inquiry called Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences, and correctly defined uniform acceleration. He also set forth laws of falling bodies, devolved the mathematical theory of projectile motion, expressed numerous ideas about sound, heat, and light, the relation of mathematics to physics, role of experiment, and the problems of infinite signals in analysis of matter and motion (Drake par 1).

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

BPO: The Boon with a Twist Essay

The India business process outsourcing (BPO) ‘success story’ needs to be tempered with a strong dose of caution. The two issues that this paper seeks to raise viz. employees’ welfare and working at the lower end of the value chain, need to be addressed if indeed the BPO phenomenon is to be called a ‘boon’ for India. The paper discusses the state of the industry in India and the reasons why BPO is the ‘Big Wave’. However, the emphasis of the paper is on another aspect of the story that at best ignored and at worst completely discounted. Some vital questions have been raised like- what is the impact that this newly spawned industry is having on the millions that is now employs? Also, it is not just about the health of the individual that is of concern here. It is about the entire social, physical and psychological fabric of a nation that is slowly changing. From the perspective of the companies also, the high staff turnover must makes it increasingly expensive for India based operations to maintain and improve their quality of service. Another dark side of the story is that India is still working on the low end of the value chain of the business-processes. Over time India’s success will depend on moving up the value chain and make the competitiveness non-replicable by other low cost countries. Read more:  BPO Management System The paper concludes with some solutions to the above-mentioned problems, concentrating primarily on the employee welfare and moving up the value chain. This requires the concerted efforts of both the industry and the government. BPO: The Boon with a Twist â€Å"Yesterday upon the stair I met a man who wasn’t there He wasn’t there again today I wish that man would go away† The Sunrise Sector: An Introduction There have been various studies and papers highlighting how the BPO is the best thing to happen to the Indian youth since the Internet. And not without reason. McKinsey and Co. tell us that by 2008 India will have a whooping 5 million people employed in the BPO sector and will be able to boast of additional revenues in excess of $57 billion. We need this opportunity like never before. However, there is another aspect of the story that is relatively ignored by both, the industry captains and the popular press alike. This paper looks into that aspect of the BPO industry in India and attempts to question the ‘blind faith’ in the sector. It raises some vital questions like- what is the impact that this newly spawned industry is having on the millions that is now employs? Are the reports that we keep hearing, about over-stressed 22-somethings leaving their jobs and the irritable alienated-from-friends-and-family youngsters true? It is not just about the health of the individual that is of concern here. The entire social fabric of a nation that is slowly changing as fresh graduates suddenly find themselves with lots of money due to these sunrise sector jobs, but no time or energy to spend it. The Bright Side The major driving force in the BPO sector is money. In his or her first job, an Indian back-office recruit can easily earn between Rs.15, 000 and Rs.20, 000 a month, which may only be a tenth of what their US counterparts earn, but considering that in terms of the World Bank-calculated purchasing-power parity, $1 can buy four times as much in India as it can in the US, Rs.15,000 per month is certainly a lot more than pocket change to an average youngster. Competition, sense of achievement, and financial freedom are the other driving forces, say BPO professionals. A brief snapshot of how the BPO industry operates puts forth some very interesting facts. The BPO industry is built around the raison d’ etre of efficiency and cost-effectiveness. With the current focus on core business capabilities, many companies in the Western world are outsourcing select business functions to expert partners. BPO takes a set of activities and takes on the responsibility of reengineering the entire way the operation is done. The most popular BPO activity currently outsourced to India is Call Centre operations. Companies selling products or services very often promise 24Ãâ€"7 support through telephones, email or the Internet for their wares. These require a large workforce to constantly be ready at helpdesks with answers to questions customers may call in with. The cost of setting up a call center in the US combined with the cost of wages is 10 to 20 times the cost of setting up a center in a developing nation like India. Hence, these companies re-route the calls made to helpdesks for their products to Indian call centres. These calls are handled by Indians sitting in India and donning an identity (and an accent) similar to their US counterparts. In pure economic terms it is much more sensible to run cost centres like these out of India. The average savings are in the region of 20-30%. And in an age when a penny saved is a penny earned these savings can be used to fuel further growth. The Not So Bright Side: The Human Face One of the reasons that provides India this opportunity is that Indians have readily adapted to – and are working entirely in the US time zone. This phenomenon has only increased over the past few years, popularly known as working the ‘Graveyard Shift’. In its eagerness to pave the way for the BPO boom, the government is infringing on protections bitterly fought for, like the eight-hour day.1 Labor legislation governing employment of workers in this sector is being amended to allow for night-shift work, work during notified holidays in India, staggering of weekends off and the like. Registered trade unions already struggling against this onslaught. Various researches on this darker aspect present some hard facts: * There is an increasing number of BPO employees who leave because they can’t handle the pressure and schedule of jobs * For most of them stress at work is their biggest source of discomfort * Most of these stressed-out employees suffer from sleep-related disorders and have digestive disorders. * Women who work the night shift face an increased risk of breast cancer of up to 60 percent2. * Stress is leading to impairment of conventional social and family life. Difficulties are particularly acute for women with child-care responsibilities. The high stress and irregular hours are taking their toll on many of the mostly just-out-of-college employees. Nutritionists, doctors and psychiatrists say there has been a dramatic increase in call center employees coming to them with problems like hair loss, ear infections from contaminated head phones, ulcers and digestion problems, piles and sleeplessness. All this is having far reaching consequences on the lives of the individuals who are working in this industry. The Not So Bright Side: The Value Chain Outsourcing – a job that no graduate or educated person in the US wants to do is shifted to low wage developing countries like India where there are ‘high quality’ graduates to do the job. In fact that’s the main USP of India – English speaking, ‘high quality’ people being employed for work that may not require half their potential. If we take our best and brightest and put them in dead end outsourcing jobs, where is this country headed? NASSCOM is touting the BPO industry as the new wave. There is no denying that it creates jobs. However the real question is for how long and what kinds of jobs? The government is spending huge resources to educate the highly talented young people only to relegate them to mindless transaction processing. The lucre of these jobs can be ascertained from the disinterest shown the educated people in Europe and US. In these ‘sending countries’ its seen as a part time job – something a college dropout or housewife with time to kill would do. India needs to worry about her youth. The best and brightest go to the US and work there which is an intellectual drain for India. The others – and undoubtedly a lot of bright ones do remain – seem to be sucked by into this BPO machine. India cannot afford continue working at the lowest end of the value chain. Sooner or later Indian companies will have to realize – and fight for – the fact we need to do a little more of the ‘value-added work’. In the long run, the business model of Indian BPOs will become unsustainable and unless they re-engineer a transformation the entire sector will fail to exist as an industry3. Taking a Moment As BPO employees soon find out, money and the college-like ambience is not everything. Cultural shifts, loss of identity, stress due to continuous night shifts and adverse effect on health were only some of the problems that cropped up in several interviews with employees of BPOs. For youngsters it’s a trade-off between what they gain in poise and confidence, and what they lose out in family life and social circle of friends who were not part of this field. Suffering severe sleep disturbances, headaches and even blackouts, most spend all their time away from the job sleeping. And the only long-term solution they can suggest is to quit. Hence, it is of serious concern not only for the employees but also for the companies. The issue of quality of service is raised by the very high staff turnover rates in India, especially at call centres, where annual turnover is said to exceed 50 per cent. High staff turnover is reported even amongst the more established, employee friendly IT companies, some of whom offer stock options and residential accommodations to entice employees to stay on. High staff turnover must make it increasingly expensive for India based operations to maintain and improve their quality of service. This is due to the rising costs for hiring and training and the higher wages needed to attract quality employees. It costs an average of Rs.20,000 to train every Call Center employee4. With the attrition rate so high this is hitting the bottom line for these companies very hard. Moreover high dropout rates have much larger implications for maintaining consistent quality standards. It is impossible to maintain a high quality of service when the entire workforce turns over every 3 years.5 The Road Ahead This section deals with some proposed solutions to fight the two challenges. Improving Employee Welfare: In some countries where the call center industry has been there for a while, e.g. UK and Australia a lot of understanding on what this unique workplace entails and what needs to be done about it, has evolved. For instance, in the UK, the government intervened a while ago with a local authority circular called ‘Advice Regarding Call Center Working Practices’. This circular lists in detail the stress factors and ailments peculiar to this industry, and has various measures to deal with them. However in India, no understanding of the problem exists. This is a serious concern not only from the employee’s end but also from the company’s perspective. The employers incur huge costs of agent attrition due to stress. It’s high time that the Indian government and the industry made some concerted effort on the lines of the above-mentioned countries and brought forth proactive measures of dealing with employee issues in call centers. Role of Companies Companies need to get their act together quickly if they have to arrest the high rate of inflation and avoid the high burnout rate among employees. One of the things to be understood is that the BPO sector is not yet being looked at as a career but rather as a stop-gap arrangement till a better job comes up. Unfortunately as is turns out the next ‘non-bpo’ sector job for most of these individuals turns out to be a fairly less paying one as well. Towards this end taking care of the employees well being becomes a priority for the companies. Most companies are already moving in this direction with well established programs that take care of the all round well-being of the employees with regular health checkups, reduced work hours, adequate training programs and a concern for the employees growth in the organization. Employee welfare will work on three factors each of which need to be understood by organization. Towards this goal an integrated strategy for employee welfare can be developed. Some specific recommendations regarding ensuring employee well being can include regular mental and physical check-ups for employees, periodic counseling on career regulating the number of night shifts worked in a row etc. More importantly, such programs wherein certain employees can avail of funding to aid further studies should be introduced. Role of Government An important part needs to be played by the government in regulating the industry with regards to labour laws. Although the government’s provisions to make it easier for the industry to grow at the pace it has are commendable, this growth cannot be had at the expense of human capital. It is necessary to safeguard the interests of the employees through enforced regulations to ensure sustenance. Specifically the government needs to re-look at * Specific regulations monitoring night-shift work * Monitoring work during notified holidays and weekends * Review of policies regarding food arrangements at workplaces * Policies regarding working of women at night – ensuring safety Moving up the value chain: Despite the fact that the world’s athletic shoes are produced in low-wage environments, their design remains firmly rooted in developed nations. Even today, despite all of the electronics manufacturing located in developing nations, the bulk of the value-added design remains in the developed nations. Taking on the ‘risks’ of the business-processes instead of simply reengineering them is one of the surest ways of convincing outsourcing companies to give greater value added work to the Indian firms. Similarly, it is important to forge alliances and partnerships of the outsourcing companies to convince them to trust us with their core processes instead on taking on fringe work. To summarize, in the end there are only two sustainable end-game models for companies in the BPO segment – the first is insight driven and the other is a platform model. Both of them leverage on proprietary capabilities of individual companies. Over time, a country’s competitiveness will eventually be commoditized and therefore become replicable. India is at that stage. For further growth a company will have to differentiate itself from the labor arbitrage and country competitiveness gamut and build on in-house capabilities that sets it apart. When Indian BPOs move away from the ‘replication’ model and start providing specialized value-added services for clients, they have a far greater chance of surviving, he said. The issue of differential time zones that forces Indian employees to take on jobs with permanent night shifts seems to be completely non-negotiable. However, by shifting the nature of work away from real time to delayed time, this too can be man aged in some companies over a period of time.    1 The Karnataka government has â€Å"simplified† labor legislations: Several barriers, including employment of women at night, flexible working hours, mandatory weekly offs have all been removed by necessary amendments to relevant laws to create an â€Å"optimal environment† for the growth of the BPO sector in the State. 2 A study (2001) by the Seattle based Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, in association with the National Cancer Institute 3 Presentation on the BPO landscape and possible end-game models at the NASSCOM ITES-BPO Summit in Bangalore in June 2003. 4 McKinsey-Nasscom study 2002 5 Went for Cost, Stayed for Quality: Moving the Back Office to India, paper by Rafiq Dossani, Senior Research Scholar, Asia/Pacific Research Center, Stanford University

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Lab report Essay

Preparation is a key to success in this lab. For this reason, you are required to thoroughly read through the experiment information presented in the lab manual, and complete a pre-lab for each experiment you do. The prelab must be completed prior to the day of the experiment. Each Friday I will ask to see your completed prelab before I allow you to enter the lab. If you have not finished the pre-lab, I will not allow you to enter the lab and you will receive a zero. Note: Your prelab/lab report is to be done in your carbon copy lab notebook (sold in FIU bookstore) A complete pre lab has the following sections: I. Title of the experiment This is the name of the experiment as written in your lab manual. (ex. Experiment 1: MEASUREMENTS AND DENSITY DETERMINATION) II. Purpose or Objective (purpose and objective are the same thing) This section should be a couple of sentences SUMMARIZING why you are doing this experiment. This must be in your own words. (ex. For your first experiment on density determination and measurements your objective would be something like : † To become familiar with scientific measurements and the importance of recording measurements accurately and precisely. Also, to explore the concept of density, mass , and volume.†) III. Introduction In this section, in your own words you should discuss the important concepts of the lab. You should try to make this section flow from one concept to the next. You should make sure to include any important formulas mentioned in your lab manual for that particular experiment. (ex. A good way to organize an introduction for the density determination experiment would be something along the lines of: Experimental sciences such as chemistry, use measurements to quantify information about the physical world. Density, which shows the relationship between the mass of an object and its volume is an example of one such concept. The formula used to calculate the density of an object is D=M/V†¦. ) **What I want you to pay attention to in the above  example is that I have extracted information from the lab manual and condensed it into a logical paragraph that explains some of the important concepts. Notice that I did not include any â€Å"fluff† (useless information to make my intro duction longer.) Remember that there is no minimum length for any of your sections so you don’t have to worry about adding in anything that is not pertinent to the lab (unless you actually want to include some background info to help develop your ideas.) IV. Procedure This section should be concise. List each step of the procedure in either numbered format or you can use bullet points. Remember to always use PASSIVE language when writing lab reports. Never use I placed HCl into a 50mL beaker, instead say 50 mL HCl was placed in a 50 mL beaker. (ex. 1. Wash a 50mL beaker with deionized water 2. Into a 50mL beaker, add 2mL HCl etc†¦you get the point. ) Tip! If you look at your lab notebook, you will notice that there is a line down the middle of the page. When writing your procedure it is in your best interest to list your procedure on the left side (leaving a space between each step) so that you can list observations on the right side of the page when you’re performing the experiment, however, this is only a suggestion and not a requirement. V. Data As part of your pre-lab you must have all data tables already copied into your lab notebook. These tables have already been provided for you in your lab manual, so all you are required to do is copy them (neatly please) directly into your notebook. Recap: In order to be let into the lab you must have completed your pre-lab. Your pre-lab consists of the following five sections listed above (title, purpose, introduction, procedure and all data tables provided for you in the lab manual.) Remember that after you complete the experiment and you have recorded all of your data, you must complete the following sections: calculations (if any), discussion, and results. Check your lab manual for more information on what to include in these sections. Post lab instructions: Once you have completed an experiment you must complete a lab report. A complete lab report consists of the sections you completed as part of your prelab and a few additional sections which I will detail below. Lab reports are due exactly one week from the day you complete the lab. If you are making up a lab, your lab report is still due one week from the day YOUR LAB SECTION completed the lab. If you have any questions about this, please ask me 🙂 All labs must be turned in by 6 pm. If you choose to turn in your lab after class you have to get it time stamped from the stock room before you place it in my mailbox. If you fail to get it time stamped, I will consider it late and points will be deducted accordingly. Post lab sections to be completed after you have done the lab: VI. Calculations You will have to do calculations for some if not all of your experiments. If they are required, your lab manual will let you know. VII. Discussion (a.k.a conclusion) This is the most important section of your lab report. In this section you should discuss and tie together the concepts and theory discussed in the introduction. This section should include the results of your experiment, a brief discussion of any graphs you had to generate, identity of your unknown (if applicable) etc. Make sure to explain if these were the results you expected and why. If not, list possible sources of error. REMEMBER there is no minimum length required so you can make this section as long or short as you find necessary to cover all the important aspects of your experiment. If you need help with any part of your lab report please email me or come see me during help hour. I’m here to help you and I want you all to do well in this lab!

Thursday, November 7, 2019

This is a term paper on hippies.

This is a term paper on hippies. Lessons from a Hippie SocietyThe hippie movement, positive or negative, brought an abundance of changes to mainstream society, affecting every generation since. The influences of the time brought an open-minded change in lifestyle and love and a mind-bending trip through rock-n-roll and drugs. We saw political, spiritual, literary, and musical leaders rise and fall, leaving a lifetime of lessons behind them. According to Webster Dictionary in 1965, the definition for the word hippie was "a usually young person who rejects the mores of established society and advocates a nonviolent ethic; broadly: a long haired unconventionally dressed young person".The Vietnam War was something that affected everyone in America, if you didn't get drafted then you knew someone who did. We were drafting men as young as nineteen, the youngest age in history. By February 1967, there were four hundred and twenty seven thousand soldiers in Vietnam. Over 1,750 U.English: Haight Street, San Francisco, Califo rnia,...S. planes had been lost and six thousand six hundred American soldiers had been killed ( ). By the time it ended, over two million Americans were involved in the war, and more than sixty thousand didn't return alive.The anti-war protest was beginning to spread across America. The first large peace march was called "Vietnam Day" and was organized by Jerry Rubin ( ). On April 15th, 1967, three hundred people gathered in New York's Central Park to protest. Thousand of picket signs raised in the air with statements such as "Hey, hey, LBJ, how many kids did you kill today" ( ), in protest against sending men as young as nineteen. Young men burned their draft cards in a large bonfire in a defiant protest to the war. After burning his, Dan Baty hid in a Methodist church, protected by a Reverend who refused to turn him over...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Writers Block 13 Strategies That Work - Freewrite Store

Writers Block 13 Strategies That Work - Freewrite Store With that in mind - here are 14 of our favorite tips for curing writer's block. We’ve all been there. The right words won’t come out, if any at all, and you don’t have a creative cell left in your brain - you’re ready to call it a day. Of course, I’m talking about the dreaded  writer’s block. Writer’s block can be stressful when you have writing tasks that need to get done. Writer’s block is a myth Gasp! It cannot be true. If writer’s block is a myth, then explain what I’m feeling right now? When you attack it from the root cause, you realize writer’s block stems from four underlying causes. These four underlying causes were detailed by  Jerry Jenkins, famed author of the  Left Behind  series.   The Four Root Causes Of Writer's Block Fear - Fear can be paralyzing. The thought that  you’re  not good enough and that your work won’t be accepted. Procrastination - Nobody’s better at putting of deadlines than writers.  Set  your deadlines in stone and keep your daily workload manageable. Perfectionism - Perfectionism  can  be a good trait during the editing process; however, it is not as valuable while  writing. Distractions - In today's day and age, it’s nearly impossible to avoid distractions. So what can you do about writer’s block? Now that you know the four root causes of writer’s block, you can take some  actionable  steps to eliminate it from your writing for good. If you’re anything like me, you could probably relate to all four of the root causes. As you read along, you’ll find that more than a few of these actionable tips apply to you. With that in mind - here are 14 of our favorite tips for curing writer's block. 1. Writing Prompts If you aren’t familiar with writing prompts, they are simply guided writing assignments designed to stimulate your imagination and get the creative juices flowing. Put simply, writing prompts get you writing.   It may not be the topic you originally set out to write about, but it may help you find your muse. If you’re stuck finding a topic to write about, or lost finding a fresh idea to attack the blank page, writing prompts may be a good habit to implement into your writing routine.   The right prompt can open up new ideas.  They can illuminate new  ways of looking at things you aren’t able to see on your own. You can find writing prompts a variety of ways. Many are  free online, you can  buy a book of them, or come up with them yourself. Write them down to use at a later time.  You can even have writing prompts sent to your inbox, with Writing Time Fridays! Join here to receive a great writing prompt emailed or texted to you on Friday at 12pm EST. This is a great way to carve out time for writing and get inspired. You can dedicate time for writing on Friday, like we do at Astrohaus, or you can wait and use the prompt over the weekend. Related:  Writing Habits to Jumpstart Your Creativity and Keep You Focused    2. Don’t Be a Perfectionist   Does this sound like you? You want everything to be perfect before you ever begin writing. Every pen stroke must be streaked with gold. You try to formulate the perfect passage in your head, but you never do, so you revert to underlying cause #2, procrastination.   Perfectionism will only hinder your good writing. I’ve written a number of blog posts over the years. If there’s one thing I’ve learned, nobody ever sees my first drafts. It sounds obvious, but nothing bad will come from writing words down. If you don’t like what you wrote, delete it. Leave the self-criticism for editing. 3. Stop Writing Sometimes,  It’s just not the right time to write. Your ideas may need a few more moments to formulate in your mind.   Surely, writing isn’t the only thing you ever do. You also need to eat, sleep, read, exercise, and interact with other people.   Even if writing is at the top of your to-do-list. Doing anything else, would be more beneficial than beating yourself up while staring at a blank page.   In a infamous  New Yorker  article, Ferris Jabr references overwhelming evidence that taking a walk can help you think through problems and be creative. Source: Elements of Walking Helps Us Think It’s ok to not always be writing, or thinking about your writing. 4. Change Your Writing  Medium Stuck in the mud? Try using Google Docs or Evernote instead of Word.  Put down the computer all together and try out your grandfather’s typewriter. What’s been most beneficial to me is freewriting in a journal or a piece of scrap paper. Any idea that comes to mind goes down on the paper. Often times, it doesn’t make any sense. 5. Eliminate Distractions This is one of the four core causes of writer’s block. In a world where we are faced with distractions left and  right, we no longer get to sit  in our log cabin in the woods and write in a quiet room. You have to take extra steps to create a distraction free environment in your mind.   5 Easy ways to eliminate distractions -  Turn off your cell phone- Unplug from the internet- Clean your desk- Let everyone know to leave you alone- Dim the light I’ve been using  Sprinter  by Astrohaus to focus on my writing. I even used it while writing this article.   6. Create A Schedule Every morning, I do two things. I wash my face, then I sit down at my desk and open my daily planner. I don’t check my phone, I don’t look at any emails, and I don’t talk to ANYONE. The second thing I do each morning is plan out my day. To paraphrase Jim Rohn, â€Å"If you don’t build a plan for your life, someone else will.†Ã‚   I plan my day down to the second, then I execute. It’s easy to say you†ll just get around to it, but taking the extra steps to plan out exactly when and for how long you’ll be writing, you’re that much more likely to do it.   Sometimes, you just have to put your head to the grindstone and write. If you’ve already done this before, then first address the root causes of writer’s block found above. If a pilot called his boss and said, â€Å"I have flyers block.† He would be laughed off the phone and probably told to hang up his wings. So, why do writers get to have writer’s block? 7. Find Some Inspiration Jack London once said, â€Å"You can’t wait for inspiration. You have to go after it with a club.†Ã‚   Put bluntly, refusing to write until you feel inspired it futile - at best. As a professional writer, you can’t afford to wait several days to find your muse. The world isn’t waiting for you. Related: 25 writing tips from authors 8. Keep A Journal Journaling aids in fostering your creativity and helps develop ideas. Similar to freewriting or writing prompts, journaling literally opens a book of ideas. Turn your thoughts and feelings into words. What do you journal about? I like to journal about my goals and the things/people I’m thankful for  each day. As a part of my morning routine, I write down my goals  Ã‚  and three people I’m thankful for. It’s not uncommon for writer’s to keep journals with them at all times. Sometimes inspiration strikes at the most unlikely and inconvenient times. Bottle that muse, and save it for later. â€Å"Always carry a notebook. And I mean always. The short-term memory only retains information for three minutes; unless it is committed to paper you can lose an idea forever.† -  Will Self 9. Go Outside I don’t just mean writing outside, but turning off your writing brain completely..   Nature offers an immediate boost to your mental and physical well-being. Sometimes, you have to slow down to speed up. A few benefits of going outside are: - Relieve stress- Improve short-term memory- Eliminate fatigue- Improve focus- Decrease blood pressure Combined, all of these things can help get the creative juices flowing. Maybe while you’re outside, you’ll find your inspiration.   10. Change Your Writing Space If venturing outside isn’t enough, maybe you need to change your work setting. Rotating your workspaces can increase your productivity and open yourself up to new ideas. Try a coffee shop, a library, bookstore, a park, or just a different room. Cultivate multiple spaces around you that foster your creativity and productivity . 11. Use Freewrite Every element of the Freewrite is designed to help you find your flow state and stay there. It works perfectly indoors or out, online or offline. Double your hourly word count, meet deadlines on time, and write better content. The Freewrite allows writers like you to create drafts without being distracted by notifications or the infinite possibilities on the internet. When it’s time to write, you can just write. If you're interested, you can head over to  the Freewrite store to learn more. 12. Create A Routine Ok, so you’ve burned through the previous eleven suggestions. You found one that worked, but it didn’t work the second time. What now?   You have to create a routine. As I mentioned in tip #6, I follow a strict morning schedule to get myself aligned with the tasks of the day. After journaling and planning my day, I spend 30 minutes on personal development. Today, I learned about copywriting from the legend Gary Bencivenga. I improved my craft and found some inspiration to apply to my writing. Lastly, that brings us to the granddaddy of them all... 13. Start Writing   You’ve exhausted every option on this list and have nothing left. Here’s the foolproof way to cure your writer’s block.   It’s this simple. Just start writing. You already know this, but evidently, the things that are easy to do are also easy not to do. It starts with one word, then another.   Solution   Personally, how did I cure my writer’s block? The root cause of my writer’s block was perfectionism. I expected myself to churn at a Pulitzer worthy 2,000 word article in less than an hour. Only once I embraced my full inner creativity was I able to write to free myself from the never-ending stuckness of writer’s block. My only hope is that after reading this tips, you are able to address your underlying cause of why you’re stuck so you can ditch writer’s block forever! Carlton Clark loves to write about business, baseball, and popular culture. A writer, marketer, and entrepreneur. At the age of 14, he founded the media company  ballplayerplus.com. Currently, Carlton helps businesses share their stories through social media and blogging. When he’s not writing or creating content, Carlton coaches youth baseball at his local high school and plays guitar. You can find him online on Instagram @itscarltonclark, and on Twitter @carlton_mukasa

Sunday, November 3, 2019

A review in light of the policy concerns Term Paper

A review in light of the policy concerns - Term Paper Example The share of federal budget awarded to each State corresponded with the rise in cases their respective welfare systems had to deal with, leaving no incentive for the States to consider curtailing the number of cases. Thus, amidst growing dissent, Clinton signed the aforementioned Act into effect in August 1996. Nickel and Dimed portrays the deficiencies of this system. While there is an obvious incentive for unskilled but able-bodied idlers to seek work and support their families themselves albeit at minimum wage, such incentive has little to offer as Ehrenreich, as a result of her practical experiments in Florida, Maine and Minnesota proves that wages tend to be minimum while work is all the more labor intensive, resulting in her being unable to save enough at the end of the month and struggle to put forth next month’s rent (Ehrenreich, 2001). In the case of a health emergency, she would find herself in a quagmire of financial difficulties. This can be relaxed by policy measu res at the hands of the government in favor of awarding free health care to those who are honest contributors to society but fall within a relaxed income bracket, while still encouraging them to work. Ehrenreich’s belief regarding her skin color may be warranted by the notion that racism is particularly strong when the individuals dealing with each other both belong to a different class. If an upper class citizen deals with a lower class poverty line worker earning minimum wage, certain precepts come into play that have become part of the moral dilemma within American societies.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Discussion Board 3-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 3-1 - Essay Example In that line, assessment plan should prioritize clients with mental disorder and subject to medical management. This population represents 15% of the 75% of the people with mental health disorder. The reason for prioritizing this population is that the nature of treatment (medical management) is less complex. At this level the assessment may involve reviewing compliance to prescription if available and response to medication. The next population in the assessment plan should be the 30% population with mental health disorder and subject to individual psychotherapy only. Assessment of this population will involve interviews of the clients and analysis of behaviors of the clients. Due to the bigger size of the population, the activity will consider three-quarter of the population as sample. Following will be the 15% of population with mental health disorder and subjected to family therapy. Assessment of this population will also involve interview of the individual clients and family members. In addition, assessment will analyze behaviors of the clients to determine any changes. The plan will then consider the 30% population with mental health disorder and subject to individual psychotherapy and medical management. Assessment of the population will combine techniques used in assessing both the treatment techniques (individual psychotherapy and medical management). Since the population is somewhat big, the as sessment will take three-quarter of the total subjects. The next in the plan will be the 10% population with mental health disorder and subject to both individual psychotherapy and family therapy models of treatment. Assessing the population at this position is important since the evaluator will benefit from the already explored issues when assessing the techniques individually. The task will be less complex and less confusing as would be if conducted earlier before considering the individual